@article{Sun2026, 
author = {Xiaohan Sun and Carol O’Sullivan},
title = {From far and near: Perceptual evaluation of crowd representations across levels of detail},
year = {2026},
journal = {Computational Visual Media},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {1025-1034},
keywords = {crowd rendering, levels of detail (LoD), neural rendering, impostor, perception},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/CVM.2026.9450562},
doi = {10.26599/CVM.2026.9450562},
abstract = {In this paper, we investigate how users perceive the visual quality of crowd character representations at different levels of detail (LoD) and viewing distances. Each representation, including geometric meshes, image-based impostors, neural radiance fields (NeRFs), and 3D Gaussians, exhibits distinct trade-offs between visual fidelity and computational performance. Our qualitative and quantitative results provide insights to guide the design of perceptually optimized LoD strategies for crowd rendering.}
}