@article{Hazzazi2024, 
author = {Mohammad Mazyad Hazzazi and Amer Aljaedi and Zaid Bassfar and Misbah Rani and Tariq Shah},
title = {8×8 S-boxes over Klein four-group and Galois field        G    F        (                  2                    4              )  : AES redesign},
year = {2024},
journal = {AIMS Mathematics},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {10977-10996},
keywords = {AES, Klein four group V4, S-boxes, Cartesian structure, Cartesian permutation, V4 × V4},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.3934/math.2024537},
doi = {10.3934/math.2024537},
abstract = {This research paper is supplemented with a unique formation to design state-of-the-art S-boxes. The invented approach is simple but has the capability of creating confusion in our newly proposed algorithm. Our core planned work refined the method of already designed S-boxes to accomplish more compact ones. Various structures were merged here, namely affine transformation, fractional linear transformation, structure of Klein four-group, and the algebraic structures of the Galois fields,    G  F      (                  2                    4              )   and    G  F      (                  2                    8              )    . These structures were utilized to synthesize newly    1600 robust S-boxes. Besides, we discussed encryption steps of AES with these newly generated S-boxes. We highlighted some specific characteristics, performance of parameter's improvement, and their utilization. Nonlinear properties were mainly set to inspect the behavior of I/O bits and could apply image encryption. Then, the performance of proposed S-boxes and newly structured AES was tested in comparison with other prevailing S-boxes.}
}