@article{Şahi̇n2026, 
author = {İhsan Şahi̇n and Cenk Ulu},
title = {Single input interval type-3 fuzzy PID control of a magnetic levitation system},
year = {2026},
journal = {Fuzzy Information and Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {339-351},
keywords = {interval type-3 (IT3) fuzzy, single input interval type-3 fuzzy PID (SIT3-FPID), magnetic levitation, robustness},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/FIE.2026.9270016},
doi = {10.26599/FIE.2026.9270016},
abstract = {Single input fuzzy PID (SI-FPID) controllers combine a fuzzy controller with a PID controller, thereby enhancing performance while maintaining a simple and efficient design. In this structure, the fuzzy controller adds a nonlinear characteristic to the PID controller. Interval type-3 (IT3) fuzzy sets offer greater potential in handling disturbances, noise, and higher-order uncertainties than their type-1 and type-2 counterparts, they have not yet been applied in SI-FPID controllers. Therefore, for the first time in the literature, a single-input interval type-3 fuzzy PID (SIT3-FPID) control structure is proposed in this study, in which an interval type-3 fuzzy controller (IT3-FC) is integrated with a conventional PID controller. Three triangular IT3 fuzzy sets and three singletons are used for the input and output variables, resulting in only three rules. The SIT3-FPID controller introduces additional design parameters, such as apex points, alpha-cuts and fuzziness parameters, which enable performance improvements over type-2 controllers. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed SIT3-FPID controller, it is applied to a nonlinear magnetic levitation system and compared with SIT2-FPID and conventional PID controllers under a nominal condition, an external disturbance, and parameter uncertainties. The results demonstrate that the proposed SIT3-FPID controller exhibits robustness performance in all scenarios.}
}