@article{Wang2025, 
author = {Shuang Wang and FanFan Chen and Chunlian Liu},
title = {The existence of periodic solutions for nonconservative superlinear second order ODEs: a rotation number and spiral analysis approach},
year = {2025},
journal = {Electronic Research Archive},
volume = {33},
number = {1},
pages = {50-67},
keywords = {periodic solutions, nonconservative, superlinear, rotation numbers, spiral analysis},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.3934/era.2025003},
doi = {10.3934/era.2025003},
abstract = {We investigate the existence of periodic solutions for nonconservative superlinear second-order differential equations in the sense of rotation numbers. Specifically, we focus on equations whose solutions at infinity behave comparably to a suitable linear system. By employing a rotation number approach, spiral analysis, and fixed-point theorems, we establish the existence of periodic solutions for nonconservative superlinear second-order differential equations. Among the equations we consider, a notable subclass is partially superlinear second-order differential equations, which provide a concrete illustration of our results. Our results extend several recent results, thereby advancing to a more comprehensive understanding of periodic behavior in nonconservative systems.}
}