@article{Celik2026, 
author = {Yunus Celik and Burhan Necati Kiziloglu},
title = {Biomimetic Groove and Elliptical Bluffness Synergy for Enhanced Vortex-Induced Vibration Excitation},
year = {2026},
journal = {Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences},
volume = {148},
number = {1},
pages = {15},
keywords = {Vortex-induced vibration, biomimetic surface grooves, elliptical cylinder, wake aerodynamics, Taguchi optimization, CFD},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.32604/cmes.2026.084744},
doi = {10.32604/cmes.2026.084744},
abstract = {This study investigates the passive amplification of aerodynamic excitation forces through coordinated bluff-body geometric modifications to quantify the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) energy harvesting potential of stationary cylinders in the laminar regime. Two-dimensional laminar simulations on fixed bodies isolate geometric effects from structural feedback. Circumferential biomimetic grooves are first optimised on a circular baseline at  Re=200 using a Taguchi orthogonal array (L9), identifying groove amplitude as the dominant control parameter and selecting  N=24,  Amp=5% as the optimal configuration, which yields a  21% increase in the root-mean-square lift coefficient ( Cℓ,rms) and a  12.5% Strouhal number reduction relative to the smooth circular baseline. The optimal groove profile is coupled with vertically-oriented bluff elliptical bases at three aspect ratios ( AR=1.0,  0.75, and  0.50). Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), wake fluctuation energy (WFE) mapping, and a simplified one-degree-of-freedom (1-DOF) structural projection model quantify the aerodynamic excitation power across all six configurations. Results reveal a geometric sweet spot at  AR=0.75, where the Grooved configuration achieves the highest projected aerodynamic excitation power ( Pest=0.5184 W/m), corresponding to a 2.24-fold amplification of the available fixed-body forcing relative to the smooth circular baseline and outperforming the aggressively bluff Grooved  AR=0.50 geometry. This counter-intuitive result is attributed to groove-to-boundary-layer interaction saturation: at  AR=0.50, the shortened streamwise body dimension suppresses the shear-layer tripping mechanism. POD analysis confirms high modal coherence at the optimum, with the first two modes capturing  96.2% of the total fluctuation energy, indicating forcing characteristics favourable for sustained VIV lock-in. A complementary Reynolds-number sensitivity analysis conducted at  Re=100 and  150 further reveals that the groove contribution at  AR=0.50 remains uniformly suppressed relative to  AR=0.75 across the full laminar range, confirming that the saturation mechanism is a robust geometric feature rather than a Reynolds-specific artefact. However, the absolute geometric optimum is Reynolds-number dependent.  AR=0.50 delivers stronger excitation at  Re=100, the two configurations converge at  Re=150, and  AR=0.75 is the best-performing aspect ratio among those evaluated at  Re=200, indicating the onset of the boundary-layer saturation mechanism at  Re=150.}
}