@article{LEI2026, 
author = {Taiya LEI and Kai MAO and Qiuming ZHU and Ruichen ZHANG and Zhangfeng MA and Boyu HUA and Dusit NIYATO and Qihui WU},
title = {Ultra-wideband channel modeling and characterization under low altitude scenarios},
year = {2026},
journal = {Chinese Journal of Aeronautics},
volume = {39},
number = {5},
keywords = {Bandwidth-dependent parameter, Channel measurement, Low-altitude intelligent network, Ultra-wideband channel modeling, Unmanned aerial vehicle},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1016/j.cja.2026.104077},
doi = {10.1016/j.cja.2026.104077},
abstract = {A Low-Altitude (LA) intelligent network with unmanned aerial vehicles is a key component of space-air-ground integrated communication networks. Moreover, the Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technique offers a promising solution of high-speed data transmission in the LA intelligent network due to its broad frequency spectrum. A deep understanding of UWB channels in LA scenarios is vital for design, optimization, and evaluation of reliable communication links. This paper proposes a novel LA UWB channel model, which comprehensively considers the impact of continuous frequency components within the band on the channel parameters and characteristics. On this basis, we present a detailed generation method of bandwidth-dependent channel parameters, i.e., Path Loss (PL), K-factor, cluster-related parameters, and Doppler frequency. Furthermore, the phenomenon of channel hardening and Doppler companding with respect to the ultra-wide bandwidth are analyzed. Finally, a UWB channel sounder is developed and applied to conduct low-altitude channel measurements in a 28 GHz campus scenario. The measured results such as PL, K-factor, and cluster numbers show good agreement with the proposed model, validating its accuracy and applicability.}
}