@article{Zhao2026, 
author = {Xin Zhao and Gangqiang Tang and Zhuoao Du and Yue Li and Xiangnan He and Chun Zhao and Bo Li and Lijie Li and Yanjie Wang},
title = {Nano-enhanced photocurable PAM/TiO2/β-CD ionogels with high ionic conductivity, mechanical robustness, and anti-drying stability for flexible sensors},
year = {2026},
journal = {Nano Research},
keywords = {nano-enhanced ionogel, synergistic modification, high ionic conductivity, mechanical robustness, anti‑drying stability, flexible electronics},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2026.94909099},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2026.94909099},
abstract = {A nano-enhanced photocurable polyacrylamide/titanium dioxide/β-cyclodextrin (PAM/TiO2/β-CD) composite ionogel was fabricated via a multi-component synergistic strategy. TiO2 nanoparticles act as physical crosslinking points and Lewis acid active sites for mechanical reinforcement and extra ion transport channels, while β-CD realizes uniform TiO2 dispersion, promotes ionic liquid dissociation, and relaxes the polymer network. Notably, the conductivity of the PAM/TiO2/β-CD ionogel is 617.76% higher than that of the pristine PAM ionogel (4.11×10-3 S m-1), and the optimized ionogel (5 wt% TiO2, 2 wt% β-CD, 20 wt% [EMIM][TFSI]) achieves a high ionic conductivity of 2.95×10-2 S m-1, an ultrahigh elongation at break of 1273%, and excellent environmental stability (a mass change < 2.8% after 2 weeks of open-air exposure). Based on this ionogel, a resistive strain sensor (a linear sensing range of 100 - 1000% with a gauge factor of 0.765) and an electric double-layer pressure sensor (10.69×10-3 kPa-1 sensitivity) with superior sensing performance are constructed. An intelligent glove integrated with these sensors is further developed, realizing accurate finger curvature detection, gesture recognition, and palm pressure mapping for human-machine interaction. This work provides a feasible strategy for high-performance ionogels and their applications in flexible electronics.}
}