@article{Lin2026, 
author = {Liangyu Lin and Li Feng and Lin Huang},
title = {Decentralized Sports Streaming Authorization: A Three-Layer Cryptographic Architecture for Live and On-Demand Access},
year = {2026},
journal = {Computers, Materials & Continua},
volume = {88},
number = {2},
pages = {83},
keywords = {Sports streaming media, decentralized authorization, end-to-end encrypted access control, revocation, blockchain},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.32604/cmc.2026.083047},
doi = {10.32604/cmc.2026.083047},
abstract = {The modern sports streaming market is severely fragmented, forcing fans into costly, siloed platforms. While blockchain-based decentralized architectures offer a unified, interoperable sport streaming ecosystem, securely delivering commercial video over untrusted infrastructure remains a profound cryptographic challenge. Existing schemes fail to simultaneously support highly granular on-demand highlights and large scale dynamic live subscriptions. To resolve this, we propose a novel decentralized authorization architecture that systematically integrates existing cryptographic primitives into a decoupled three-layer protocol. By securely bridging on-chain state transitions with off-chain cryptographic enforcement, our architecture directly maps commercial payment workflows onto the underlying key evolution logic. The protocol leverages a top-down Binary Hash Tree for arbitrary-grained aggregated authorization of static highlights, while combining a salt-governed forward hash chain with dynamic Identity-Based Broadcast Encryption to achieve state-driven adaptive authorization for live streams. Rigorous theoretical analysis and extensive evaluations confirm the robust security and high efficiency of our proposed architecture.}
}