@article{Shao2026, 
author = {Yi Shao and Cong Zhang and Chun-Nan Zhang},
title = {Guidelines for visual cognitive rehabilitation of visual information processing disorders (2025)},
year = {2026},
journal = {International Journal of Ophthalmology},
volume = {19},
number = {8},
pages = {1484-1498},
keywords = {visual information processing disorder, visual cognition, rehabilitation therapy, guidelines},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.18240/ijo.2026.08.06},
doi = {10.18240/ijo.2026.08.06},
abstract = {Visual information processing (VIP) is essential for perception and cognition. It enables the brain to acquire and integrate visual stimuli into coherent representations. Visual information processing disorder (VIPD) is characterized by impairments in visuospatial ability, visual analysis, and visuomotor integration. These deficits significantly affect daily activities, learning, and occupational performance. The etiology of these disorders is multifaceted, including developmental anomalies, traumatic brain injuries, ocular diseases, and surgical interventions. This condition involves multiple disciplines (ophthalmology, pediatrics, neurology, and rehabilitation), posing significant challenges for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Despite the growing international focus on these disorders, there remain considerable deficiencies in their diagnosis and treatment within China. Clinicians often have limited awareness of VIPD. Standardized diagnostic criteria are lacking, and rehabilitation approaches remain inconsistent. Visual abnormalities are often overlooked in pediatrics and neurology. In contrast, ophthalmology is limited in addressing disorders related to neurological dysfunction. In response to these challenges, this guide has been developed, drawing on the experiences of Europe and America and integrating local research and practice. It provides practical and systematic guidance for the diagnosis and management of VIPD. The objective is to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and improve patients’ visual function and quality of life.}
}