@article{Pryamikov2026, 
author = {Andrey Pryamikov},
title = {Reverse Energy Flows in Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals and Similarities with Vortex Formation and Analogous Flows in Hydrodynamics},
year = {2026},
journal = {Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing},
volume = {22},
number = {3},
pages = {3},
keywords = {2D photonic crystal, photonic band gap, Poynting vector, vortex},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.32604/fdmp.2026.071903},
doi = {10.32604/fdmp.2026.071903},
abstract = {This paper examines the connection between photonic band-gap formation in two types of two-dimensional photonic crystals and the emergence of reverse electromagnetic energy flows generated by linearly polarized plane waves incident on a photonic-crystal slab. We show that these reverse energy flows, observed in both transmitted and reflected fields, originate from vortex structures in the Poynting vector. The resulting energy-flow patterns exhibit striking analogies to vortex formation in fluid motion past obstacles. The geometry and dynamics of the Poynting-vector vortices determine whether the incident electromagnetic energy is impeded, leading to the formation of photonic band gaps, or instead guided through the structure, enabling transmission.}
}