@article{El-Atik2023, 
author = {A. A. El-Atik and Y. Tashkandy and S. Jafari and A. A. Nasef and W. Emam and M. Badr},
title = {Mutation of DNA and RNA sequences through the application of topological spaces},
year = {2023},
journal = {AIMS Mathematics},
volume = {8},
number = {8},
pages = {19275-19296},
keywords = {mutation, similarity, topology, metric space, multiset},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.3934/math.2023983},
doi = {10.3934/math.2023983},
abstract = {Topology is branch of modern mathematics that plays an important role in applications of biology. The aim of this paper is to study DNA sequence mutations using multisets, relations, metric functions, topology and association indices. Moreover, we use association indices to study the similarity between DNA sequences. These different ways of identifying a mutation help biologists to make a decision. A decision of mutation that depends on metrics between two sequences of genes and the topological structure produced by their relationship is presented.}
}