@article{Liu2026, 
author = {Fanfan Liu and Xiaomeng Fan and Xinyue Gao and Jinjin Ban and Guoqin Cao and Shilin Zhang and Junhua Hu},
title = {Unraveling the Mg2+/Li+ dual-ion co-intercalation mechanism in 3D MXene heterojunctions for enhanced Mg/Li hybrid ion battery performance},
year = {2026},
journal = {Journal of Magnesium and Alloys},
volume = {17},
number = {C},
keywords = {MXene, Interfacial chemical bonds, Electronegativity, Dual storage mechanism, Mg2+/Li+ co-intercalation},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1016/j.jma.2025.04.011},
doi = {10.1016/j.jma.2025.04.011},
abstract = {Rechargeable Mg/Li hybrid ion batteries with Mg2+/Li+ double-salt electrolytes and safe Mg anodes are a viable option for large-scale energy storage. Nevertheless, achieving the desired reasonable electrochemical performance remains a great challenge due to the capacity limitations of conventional Li-intercalation cathodes. To mitigate this limitation, the 3D oxygenated MXene Ti3C2@CoS2/FeS2 (denoted as o-Ti3C2@CoS2, o-Ti3C2@FeS2) with both dual-storage mechanism and multidimensional structure to achieve the desirable storage capacity is engineered. Benefiting from the formation of special structure and interfacial chemical bonds Ti–O–Co/Ti–O–Fe, as well as the electronegative o-Ti3C2 weaken the Co–S/Fe–S bonds, the o-Ti3C2@CoS2 cathode exhibits superior capacity up to 425 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and overwhelming advantageous ultra-long life over 2,400 cycles at 500 mA g−1. Simultaneously, the o-Ti3C2@FeS2 also displays a high-rate capability, outstanding cycling stability, and fast diffusion kinetics. Furthermore, the conversion reaction of Mg2+/Li+ co-intercalation and the charge storage mechanism during cycling are thoroughly clarified by systematic ex-situ characterizations and theoretical computations. This study reveals the influence of MXene electrode structure on the importance of electrochemical performance and provides guidance for the future design of high-performance MXene materials for energy storage applications.}
}