@article{Tian2026, 
author = {Ailun Tian and Xiangfu Kong and Jiaoxia Shi and Zhenmin Bao and Xiaoli Hu},
title = {Quantitative Analysis of Prostaglandins in Multiple Tissues of the Dwarf Surf Clam Mulinia lateralis and Their Association with Growth Rate},
year = {2026},
journal = {Periodical of Ocean University of China},
volume = {56},
number = {7},
pages = {146-154},
keywords = {prostaglandins (PGs), dwarf surf clam (Mulinia lateralis), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), quantitative detection, bivalve growth},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20250103},
doi = {10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20250103},
abstract = {Prostaglandins (PGs) play extensive regulatory roles in physiological processes such as reproductive development, homeostasis regulation, and tissue regeneration in vertebrates, yet their distribution and functions in invertebrates remain poorly characterized. To address this knowledge gap, this study established a quantitative analytical method targeting prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in multiple tissues of bivalves using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), employing the potential model bivalve dwarf surf clam (Mulinia lateralis) as the experimental organism. Through dual validation of characteristic fragment ions and retention time, we systematically identified the distribution profiles of PGE2 and PGD2 in six major tissues of M. lateralis: both PGs were detected in the mantle, gill, gonad, and digestive gland. Quantitative analysis, based on external standard calibration curves, revealed that PGE2 concentrations were consistently higher than PGD2 across all examined tissues. Notably, the gill and mantle emerged as the primary accumulation sites for PGs, with their combined PGE2 and PGD2 content contributing to 82.14% of the total. Further analysis demonstrated that fast-growing individuals exhibited significantly higher PGE2 and PGD2 levels than in slow-growing counterparts (increased by 24.51% and 61.11%, respectively; P < 0.01), suggesting potential involvement of PGs as key regulatory factors in the growth modulation of M. lateralis. This study provides initial insights into the tissue-specific distribution of PGs and their potential association with growth rate in M. lateralis, generating fundamental evidence for investigating growth regulation mechanisms and genetic improvement practices in bivalves.}
}