@article{Su2026, 
author = {Brenden Jing Su and Joel Jie Foo and Grayson Zhi Sheng Ling and Wee-Jun Ong},
title = {Ternary heterojunctions on Zn3In2S6/C3N5 towards advancing simultaneous photocatalytic production of H2O2 and benzaldehyde},
year = {2026},
journal = {Green Chemical Engineering},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {436-446},
keywords = {Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production, Benzyl alcohol oxidation, Crystallinity, Heterojunction engineering, Carbon nitride},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1016/j.gce.2025.06.009},
doi = {10.1016/j.gce.2025.06.009},
abstract = {Cooperative photocatalysis for simultaneous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and organic oxidation presents a sustainable approach to solar-to-chemical energy conversion. While ZnxIn2Sx+3 materials are promising candidates, the study of high stoichiometry (x > 1) variants is still limited. Moreover, the synergy of mixed-phase C3N5 and ZnxIn2Sx+3 remains to be explored. Herein, a series of ZnxIn2Sx+3 (x = 1–4) photocatalysts (RZISx) were synthesized via reflux, with Zn3In2S6 (x = 3) identified as the optimal composition, achieving H2O2 and benzaldehyde production rates of 1430.9±65.6 μM h−1 and 2473.2±264.2 μM h−1, respectively. Crystalline C3N5 (CCN550) was synthesized by the molten-salt method and a ternary heterostructure (5CCN/RZIS3) was further developed by compositing Zn3In2S6 with CCN550 during refluxing, leading to enhanced yields of H2O2 (2655.2±167.1 μM h−1; apparent quantum efficiency (AQE): 1.1% at 420 nm) and benzaldehyde (2685.9±126.5 μM h−1). Improved performance stems from the intimate interface between Zn3In2S6 and heptazine/triazine domains in C3N5, which facilitates efficient charge separation and boosts O2 adsorption. Rotating disk electrode measurements confirmed high selectivity toward the two-electron oxygen reduction pathway. This study introduces a ternary heterojunction strategy and provides insights into the role of crystalline structure and heterointerface engineering in advancing dual-functional photocatalysis.}
}