@article{Zhu2025, 
author = {Jianjie Zhu and Yuan Zhuang and Hongsheng Ouyang and Yongjie Lu and Yuhao Yan and Xilei Wu and Gongran Ye and Cancan Zhang and Yuting Wu and Xiaohong Han},
title = {State of the Art Immersion Liquid Cooling Technology for Power Battery Thermal Management Applications},
year = {2025},
journal = {Journal of Refrigeration},
volume = {46},
number = {2},
pages = {1-16},
keywords = {power battery, battery thermal management, immersion liquid cooling, coolant, module design},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.001},
doi = {10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.02.001},
abstract = {Battery thermal management systems are crucial components of pure electric vehicles. The promising application of liquid immersion technology in electronic equipment has also garnered increasing attention for its potential in battery thermal management. Power battery immersion liquid-cooling technology involves directly immersing the battery in dielectric liquid to dissipate heat through convection or phase-change heat transfer. This study analyzes the impact of temperature on battery performance and compares the advantages and limitations of different thermal management systems. The importance of immersion-based battery thermal management is emphasized. Key technical challenges and recent research advancements are reviewed in detail, including coolant selection, module design, and considerations for battery life and safety. Finally, commercially developed immersion cooling products for demonstration and exploration are introduced.}
}