@article{Ouyang2025, 
author = {Hongsheng Ouyang and Dongxin Zhang and Shuting Cen and Hongfei Yan and Lixia Yan and Bin Hu and Zhikai Guo and Xiaohong Han},
title = {Physical Properties and High-Temperature Heat Pump Application Characteristics of the New Environmentally Friendly Refrigerant HP-1},
year = {2025},
journal = {Journal of Refrigeration},
volume = {46},
number = {1},
pages = {16-23},
keywords = {high-temperature heat pump, refrigerant replacement, HFO refrigerant, physical property},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.016},
doi = {10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.016},
abstract = {HP-1 is an eco-friendly hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant with favorable thermodynamic and environmental properties. The critical parameters and saturated vapor pressure of HP-1 are similar to those of R245fa, with HP-1 serving as a potential replacement for R245fa, which has a high global warming potential (GWP) in high-temperature heat pumps. The flammability, solubility, and material compatibility of HP-1 were mainly determined experimentally, with the results demonstrating that HP-1 has a flammability range of 9.75%-16.1%, exhibiting excellent solubility with MK220 lubricating oil at elevated temperatures, and good compatibility with materials used in high-temperature heat pump systems. When HP-1 is applied to high-temperature heat pump units, the condensing temperature of the unit can reach up to 125 ℃ when the evaporating temperature ranges between 50 ℃ and 70 ℃, with a heating capacity of 99.27-153.14 kW and a coefficient of performance (COP) of 2.25-4.85.}
}