@article{Dai2025, 
author = {Baomin Dai and Ziang Kong and Shengchun Liu and Jiabao Qian and Weifeng Li and Libiao Zhang},
title = {Performance of Cooling and Heating System with Dual-Evaporating Temperature and Mechanical Subcooling Using CO2 for Data Centers},
year = {2025},
journal = {Journal of Refrigeration},
volume = {46},
number = {1},
pages = {86-93},
keywords = {mechanical subcooling, dual-temperature evaporation, data center, CO2 system, combined heating and cooling},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.086},
doi = {10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2025.01.086},
abstract = {A CO2 data center cooling and heating system integrated with dedicated mechanical subcooling and dual-temperature evaporation technology (DMS-DE) is proposed to realize green and efficient cooling for data centers and improve comprehensive energy efficiency. A thermodynamic and carbon emission performance system model was established and compared with the basic CO2 system (Base) and a single evaporating-temperature CO2 system with dedicated mechanical subcooling (DMS-SE) . The results demonstrated that the DMS-DE system had the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) , optimal subcooling degree, and discharge pressure. Therefore, adopting the DMS-DE can significantly increase the system COP and exergy efficiency. Compared with Base and DMS-SE, COP increased by 14.1% and 9.0%, and the exergy efficiency increased by 13.24% and 4.31%, respectively. The life cycle carbon emissions of the DMS-DE system were reduced by 16.1% and 9.3% compared with Base and DMS-SE, respectively. This study can provide a technical reference for the highly efficient and clean operation of combined heating and cooling utilization for data center scenarios.}
}