@article{Zhou2024, 
author = {Feng Zhou and Yu Song and Guoyuan Ma and Xianghui Yan},
title = {Load Characteristics Analysis of Water-Source Heat Pump System for Harvesting Waste Heat from Small Data Centers},
year = {2024},
journal = {Journal of Refrigeration},
volume = {45},
number = {6},
pages = {63-74},
keywords = {data center, waste heat utilization, water-source heat pump, energy efficiency, coupling formula},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2024.06.063},
doi = {10.12465/j.issn.0253-4339.2024.06.063},
abstract = {The power usage limit becomes lower with the green development of data centers. The small liquid cooling device is emerging as a new cooling option for small data centers with high energy density, which helps recover the waste heat. In this paper, the energy efficiency characteristics of three types of water-source heat pump systems under different surplus heat conditions are compared and analyzed in the surplus heat load range of small data centers. The energy efficiency of the water-source heat pump system is distributed at 5-7, 5-6, and 4.5-6.5 on the source side, transmission and distribution side, and user side, respectively. When the user-side heat load is retained at 0 kW to 1750 kW and 2500 kW to 3200 kW, the energy efficiency of the source-side enhanced water-source heat pump system is highest. When the user-side heating load demand is 1750 kW to 2500 kW, the energy efficiency of the source-side enhanced water-source heat pump system is near that of the transmission and distribution-side enhanced water-source heat pump system. Finally, the coupling matching formula QN=kQS is obtained between the user-side heat load demand and data center surplus heat load, in which k ranges from 1.1962 to 1.3642.}
}