@article{SI2026, 
author = {Ting SI and Qixin PAN and Shuaishuai YANG and Jian ZHANG and Jiahui FAN and Yihua ZHONG and Chun ZHAO},
title = {Removal of diclofenac in solution by the E-Mn2+-PMS process via non-radical pathways},
year = {2026},
journal = {Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering},
volume = {48},
number = {3},
pages = {228-237},
keywords = {singlet oxygen, electrochemistry, peroxymonosulfate, diclofenac, non-radical pathway},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.11835/j.issn.2096-6717.2024.038},
doi = {10.11835/j.issn.2096-6717.2024.038},
abstract = {As water quality standards have improved and detection technology has advanced, the control of new pollutants has gradually become a research focus. The activation ability of divalent manganese toward peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was enhanced by the introduction of an electric field. The E-Mn2+-PMS synergistic process was developed for the removal of the refractory organic pollutant diclofenac (DCF) from water. Firstly, the effects of current density, PMS concentration, Mn2+ concentration, solution pH value and water matrix (NO3-、Cl-、HA) on the removal of DCF in water were discussed, respectively. The results indicated that the synergy index of the E-Mn2+-PMS process was 10.88 within 20 min of reaction, and its reaction rate constant was 19.250×10-2 min-1. The mineralization rate of DCF was 67.4% within 180 min under the experimental conditions: current density was 11.42 mA/cm2, PMS concentration was 1 mmol/L and Mn2+ concentration was 150 μmol/L. Acidic conditions facilitated the removal of DCF, and the optimal pH value was 3. NO3- had almost no effect on the removal of DCF, while Cl- and HA promoted the removal of DCF significantly. Subsequently, it was demonstrated by radical scavenger experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests, and analysis of manganese intermediate valence substances. The non-radical pathways (Mn (Ⅲ) oxidation and 1O2 oxidation) dominated in the E-Mn2+-PMS process. In comparison with the Mn2+-PMS process, the amorphous MnO2 generated in situ under electric field conditions could quickly activate PMS to produce 1O2, achieving efficient removal of pollutants.}
}