@article{LI2026, 
author = {Meiqi LI and Haojia ZHANG},
title = {Development of an experimental system for superresolution structured illumination microscopy},
year = {2026},
journal = {Experimental Technology and Management},
volume = {43},
number = {4},
pages = {166-172},
keywords = {fluorescence microscope, superresolution imaging, structured illumination, development of experimental teaching system},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2026.04.020},
doi = {10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2026.04.020},
abstract = {ObjectiveSuperresolution microscopy is a key advancement in optical imaging, allowing researchers to visualize biological structures at the nanometer scale. However, integrating it into practical curricula is challenging due to its high cost, operational complexity, and limited flexibility of commercial systems. This work aims to develop a multimodal superresolution fluorescence microscopy platform that is accessible, reconfigurable, and suitable for education and research, addressing the critical need for hands-on training in advanced imaging techniques within undergraduate and graduate programs.MethodsTo balance system integration and modularity, we employed an optical cage system with structural supports featuring through-holes at different heights, enabling a multiaxis three-dimensional (3D) optical design. This design uses standardized cage-compatible optical components with quick-release interfaces to allow rapid switching among various imaging modalities. The system supports four imaging modes: widefield microscopy (WFM), total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), two-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (2D-SIM), and 3D-SIM. Each mode can be configured by adjusting the illumination path without disassembling the main structure. The platform includes a laser source, a high numerical aperture objective lens, a precision motorized stage, a sensitive complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor camera, and many basic optomechanical components. All control and image reconstruction workflows are implemented in open-source software, allowing customization and algorithm development. Students can perform experiments ranging from fundamental operations (WFM and TIRFM) to advanced functional challenges (2D-SIM and 3D-SIM) within a single system. Performance validation was carried out using various biological samples, including subcellular structures such as actin filaments and fluorescent beads.ResultsStudents successfully performed multimodal imaging of subcellular structures, with the system maintaining stability over repeated reconfigurations. The total cost remained below 100,000 RMB, representing an order-of-magnitude reduction compared to commercial alternatives. The superresolution capability was validated through imaging fluorescent bead samples, where adjacent beads that appeared as a single diffraction-limited spot under conventional widefield microscopy were clearly distinguished using SIM. This resolution enhancement directly demonstrates the system's ability to surpass the diffraction limit. Additionally, the system succeeded in resolving two adjacent actin filaments within a distance less than the optical resolution limit of conventional microscopy. The system also supports potential upgrades of key components for research applications; for instance, when equipped with higher-performance cameras and objectives, the platform can be used effectively for research in cell biology, materials science, and other fields.ConclusionsWe developed a flexible, low-cost, multimodal fluorescence microscopy platform that effectively bridges the gap between theoretical education and practical application in advanced imaging. Its modular design enables seamless switching between imaging modes, providing students with comprehensive training in optical principles and instrumentation while maintaining research capabilities. This integrated approach not only increases access to superresolution techniques but also fosters innovation through hardware and software extensibility. The platform makes incorporating superresolution microscopy into undergraduate curricula easier, with standardized equipment ensuring instructional consistency and better guidance. It also encourages sharing teaching outcomes and provides a solid foundation for students as they transition into scientific research, effectively combining educational development with research preparation in the field of optical microscopy.}
}