@article{Zhang2024, 
author = {Kai Zhang and Xinzhu Meng and Abdullah Khames Alzahrani},
title = {The ACE2 receptor protein-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection: dynamic properties of a novel delayed stochastic system},
year = {2024},
journal = {AIMS Mathematics},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {8104-8133},
keywords = {stochastic environmental fluctuations, SARS-CoV-2 system, Lyapunov functional, time delay, asymptotic properties},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.3934/math.2024394},
doi = {10.3934/math.2024394},
abstract = {We investigated the dynamic effect of stochastic environmental fluctuations on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infection system with time delay and mediations by the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor protein. First, we discussed the existence and uniqueness of global positive solutions as well as the stochastic ultimate boundedness of the stochastic SARS-CoV-2 model. Second, the asymptotic properties of stochastic time-delay system were investigated by constructing a number of appropriate Lyapunov functions and applying differential inequality techniques. These properties indicated a positive relationship between the strength of oscillations and the intensity of environmental fluctuations, and this launched the properties of a deterministic system. When the random disturbance was relatively large, the disease went extinct. When the random disturbance was relatively small and        R    0    <  1, the disease could become extinct. Conversely, when the random disturbance was smaller and        R    0    >  1, then it would oscillate around the disease enduring equilibrium. At last, a series of numerical simulations were carried out to show how the SARS-CoV-2 system was affected by the intensity of environmental fluctuations and time delay.}
}