@article{Li2025, 
author = {Yan Li and Rui Zhu and Xiaoqun Li and Xianshan Yang and Yong Li and Ruixia Yuan},
title = {Note on a class of time-delay virus models with virus-to-cell infection, cell-to-cell transmission, CTL and antibody immune responses},
year = {2025},
journal = {AIMS Mathematics},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {26446-26458},
keywords = {virus-to-cell infection, cell-to-cell transmission, CTL and antibody immune responses, co-existence, stability analysis},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.3934/math.20251162},
doi = {10.3934/math.20251162},
abstract = {This paper investigates the coexistence of equilibria and local and global asymptotic stability of a class of time-delay virus models involving virus-to-cell infection, cell-to-cell transmission, Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL), and antibody immune responses. These models typically exhibit five equilibria; however, the existing literature lacks comprehensive studies on the uniqueness and coexistence of these equilibria. Our study fills the gaps and rectifies the shortcomings or lack of rigor in certain prior research.}
}