@article{JIANG2026, 
author = {Kaixi JIANG and Zhaohua LIN},
title = {Ensuring typhoon resilience in coastal university laboratories: Features and tactics},
year = {2026},
journal = {Experimental Technology and Management},
volume = {43},
number = {3},
pages = {237-244},
keywords = {laboratory safety, typhoon event, safety inspection, indicator system},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2026.03.030},
doi = {10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2026.03.030},
abstract = {ObjectiveGlobal warming has increased the frequency of extreme typhoon (or hurricane) events, placing higher demands on typhoon defense safety measures in university laboratories. In China, universities affected by typhoons share a number of distinct characteristics. First, they are primarily concentrated along coastal areas and adjacent inland regions in South and East China. Second, they account for approximately 26% (n=357) of the 1365 undergraduate institutions nationwide. Third, they bear substantial defensive responsibilities, requiring simultaneous management of urgent timelines, demanding tasks, and high risks. Concurrently, these colleges and universities encounter three main challenges in typhoon preparedness: weak safety awareness, inadequate response protocols, and the absence of an established defense safety indicator system.MethodsTo address these challenges, this study constructed a novel typhoon defense safety checklist for university laboratories based on the constituent elements of typhoon disasters. Checklist development rigorously followed standardized procedures for establishing an indicator system and adhered to four fundamental principles: relevance, scientific validity, effectiveness, and operational feasibility. The formation of this framework was grounded in three key endeavors: (1) systematic review of publicly available guidelines, checklists, and manuals on laboratory typhoon preparedness after screening; (2) comprehensive analysis of academic literature related to lab typhoon defense strategies; and (3) deep integration with safety management regulations and pertinent documents issued by the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China to ensure regulatory compliance and practical applicability.ResultsThe final checklist comprises seven major categories that contain a total of 90 inspection indicators, with star ratings denoting the urgency level of each criterion. Adopting a systematic safety design approach, it centers on full-cycle risk management, supports accountable closed-loop oversight, and features dynamic response mechanisms as critical components. Specifically, the seven categories are safety accountability, emergency response protocols, pre-typhoon safety checks, final preparation checks before landfall, mid-typhoon safety safeguards, post-typhoon recovery and reactivation, and damage assessment with debriefing sessions. This system achieves comprehensive coverage across the entire typhoon timeline—before, during, and after—through four dimensions: responsibility allocation, response actions, operational execution, and post-event review. The safety inspection indicators for the pre-, during-, and post-typhoon phases are elaborated in detail as follows. (1) Pre-typhoon inspection indicators are divided into four subcategories: safety responsibility assignment, emergency response readiness, pre-typhoon safety inspections, and final preparatory checks prior to typhoon landfall. This part consists of 71 indicators, which account for approximately 79% of the total and form the core of the entire indicator system. Among these, the key pre-typhoon safety inspection indicators target potential safety hazards caused by two major hazard-causing factors—strong winds and heavy rainfall—and thus cover all key areas of laboratory safety in a comprehensive manner. (2) Mid-typhoon inspection indicators include on-duty oversight and emergency disposal, along with patrols of laboratories and key locations. At this stage, the risks posed by the outdoor environment are at their highest; therefore, safety work is conducted primarily through remote patrols via video surveillance systems, ensuring that unexpected safety incidents in laboratories can be addressed in a timely manner. (3) Post-typhoon inspection indicators include on-site environmental inspections, pre-restart checks of instruments and equipment, post-disaster loss statistics, hazard disposal, and debriefing meetings. Notably, their practical utility was successfully validated during defense operations against super typhoon Ragasa in September 2025, demonstrating both feasibility and effectiveness in real-world applications.ConclusionsLooking ahead, ensuring typhoon defense safety in university laboratories demands sustained commitment over the long term. This study aims to serve as an initial stepping stone and inspire further collaborative efforts among researchers and administrators to promote continuous refinement and iterative advancement of safety indicator systems. Such collective progress will ultimately improve protective measures for laboratory facilities against typhoon hazards.}
}