@article{Azhar2026, 
author = {Waleed Azhar and George Xydis},
title = {Operational optimization of a Wind-Hydrogen Power-to-X System in Denmark: An experimental approach},
year = {2026},
journal = {AIMS Energy},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {291-309},
keywords = {Power-to-X, wind energy, CO2 emissions},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.3934/energy.2026013},
doi = {10.3934/energy.2026013},
abstract = {This work optimized Power-to-X (PtX) operations in a Danish wind farm, balancing profitability and emissions through single and multi-objective optimization. The analysis was conducted through secondary data and an optimization model developed in Solver in order to evaluate operational scenarios. Among all the different evaluated solutions, Solution 3 emerged as optimal, reducing CO2 emissions to 3146 kg while maintaining 90% of maximum profit (269,706 DKK). It allocated energy efficiently—745 MWh to the grid, 83 MWh to hydrogen (producing 1479 kg of green hydrogen), and 828 MWh to storage, with zero curtailment. Compared to profit-maximizing (Solution 1: 298,943 DKK, 12,357 kg CO2) and emission-minimizing (Solution 5: 235,244 DKK, 2336 kg CO2) alternatives, Solution 3 offers a sustainable compromise, supporting decarbonization goals without significant economic trade-offs. The findings highlight replicable strategies for PtX systems in renewable energy integration for future projects.}
}