@article{Yao2026, 
author = {Hongbo Yao and Delong Li and Wenjun Zhang and Qiwei Xiong and Yuhe Luo and Chuhang Lin and Jiyu Wang and Jialong Liu and Mingyu Tan and Xijie Wu and Yuanjun Ma and Yihuan Lin and Qingao Hu and Tao Huang and Lin Shu and Lei Wei and Xinge Yu and Xiangmin Xu},
title = {Wearable Fabric Electrotactile System with Stimulation–Inhibition Electrode Units},
year = {2026},
journal = {Cyborg and Bionic Systems},
volume = {7},
pages = {0515},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.34133/cbsystems.0515},
doi = {10.34133/cbsystems.0515},
abstract = {Tactile feedback is crucial for enhancing the virtual-reality (VR) interaction experience. However, current electrotactile devices suffer from issues such as current diffusion and electrode crosstalk, limiting spatial accuracy. To address this challenge, we designed a fabric-based ultrathin flexible microelectrode array with novel stimulation–inhibition electrode units that reduces current diffusion and improves focusing, improving tactile feedback accuracy and clarity. Additionally, we developed an electrical tactile interaction evaluation system to quantitatively assess the tactile recognition accuracy and reaction time of 30 participants. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed electrode structure and evaluation system substantially enhance tactile perception in VR environments. This system has been demonstrated through immersive scenarios such as touching running water, stroking a bird’s forehead, and feeling a cactus, highlighting its potential for providing precise tactile feedback and enhancing personalized human–computer interaction in VR.}
}