@article{Wang2026, 
author = {Yurui Wang and Yang Liu and Min Gyu Kim and Lu Qi and Yurui Xue and Wenlong Yang and Taifeng Liu and Guoxing Li and Yuliang Li},
title = {Interfacial charge relay and dynamic electronic replenishment by a graphdiyne armor for stable RuO2-based water electrolyser},
year = {2026},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {19},
number = {7},
pages = {94908680},
keywords = {proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer, graphdiyne armor, RuO2 anode, interfacial charge relay, dynamic electron replenishment function},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2026.94908680},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2026.94908680},
abstract = {Conventional powdery RuO2 anodes for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) suffer from sluggish interfacial charge transport and severe structural degradation. We propose porous graphdiyne (GDY) as a multifunctional coating on the self-supporting RuO2-based electrode, creating a GDY@RuO2 heterostructure to address the above interfacial issues and activity–stability trade-offs. Simulations study reveals that GDY induces interfacial directional charge transfer through sp-C–Ru bonds, modifying electronic structure, impeding O/Ru vacancy formation, and shifting oxygen evolution reaction (OER) pathway to the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM). Guided by these, RuO2−x nanoparticles were deposited on titanium mesh, followed by controlled in-situ GDY growth. The optimized medium-thickness coating (GDYM@RuO2−x) exhibits exceptional performance: an overpotential of 196 mV at 10 mA·cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4, negligible voltage decay (0.046 mV·h−1) over 500 h operation, and a remarkable stability number (S-number). Due to the improved interfacial Ohmic and charge transfer resistance between electrode-plate/PEM, the PEMWE using GDY armored anode can achieve 1 A·cm−2 at 1.55 V and stable operation at 0.5 A·cm−2 for 500 h (0.17 mV·h−1). Comprehensive analyses confirm the GDY efficacy of robust physical protection and its dynamic electron replenishment, optimizing Ru/O electronic structure to direct OER following AEM, reinforcing the RuO2−x structure integrity.}
}