@article{Ding2026, 
author = {Le Ding and Tingrui Zhang and Yixiao Pan and Jun Liu and Jiaye Lu and Xinyue Zhang and Tianyou Ma and Donghao Li and Zhen Cui and Ying Gao and Quangang Zhu and Zongguang Tai and Zhongjian Chen},
title = {Stem cell-derived biomimetic apoptotic vesicles enhance macrophage efferocytosis via C1qbp to accelerate diabetic wound healing},
year = {2026},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {19},
number = {7},
pages = {94908650},
keywords = {angiogenesis, macrophage polarization, diabetic wound healing, apoptotic vesicles, efferocytosis},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2026.94908650},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2026.94908650},
abstract = {Chronic diabetic wounds represent a significant therapeutic challenge, characterized by persistent inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, and defective efferocytosis. In this study, we demonstrate that stem cell-derived biomimetic apoptotic vesicles (AVs) are enriched with complement C1q-binding protein (C1qbp), and confirm that C1qbp is a key regulator for macrophage phagocytosis. These AVs potently enhanced macrophage efferocytic activity, promoted polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, and reduced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, AVs stimulated angiogenesis and cell migration, thereby initiating a coordinated immune-mediated tissue regenerative program. Delivery of AVs via a GelMA hydrogel (AVs@GelMA) markedly accelerated wound healing in diabetic mice by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-driven inflammatory signaling and promoting vascularization and tissue remodeling. Collectively, our findings elucidate a three-phase mechanism of "efferocytosis-immunity-regeneration" and highlight C1qbp-enriched AVs as a promising precision therapeutic strategy for chronic diabetic wounds.}
}