@article{QIAN2025, 
author = {Shangtuo QIAN and Han ZHANG and Yaohui CHEN and Xin LI and Jianmin ZHANG and David Z. ZHU and Jiangang FENG},
title = {Evolution characteristics of air pocket during geyser in drainage pipes},
year = {2025},
journal = {Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences)},
volume = {53},
number = {6},
pages = {90-100},
keywords = {geyser, entrapped air pocket, pipe-filling bore, air discharge pipe, vertical shaft, numerical simulation},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.3876/j.issn.1000-1980.2025.06.011},
doi = {10.3876/j.issn.1000-1980.2025.06.011},
abstract = {To investigate the evolution characteristics of the air pocket during the geyser process, a numerical simulation of the release of an entrapped air pocket in a drainage pipe system under double-sided inflow conditions was conducted. The geyser formation mechanisms, air discharge characteristics, and air-water energy evolutions were analyzed. The results indicate that the entry and subsequent release of an entrapped air pocket into the vertical shaft trigger an air pocket-driven geyser, followed by the occurrence of a rapid-filling geyser. Depending on whether these two processes operate independently or interactively, the geyser process can be classified as either a separated type or a hybrid type. A higher dimensionless pipeline pressure difference P* or a smaller dimensionless initial air pocket volume Va* is more likely to trigger a hybrid geyser process. The air pocket discharge ratio during the air pocket-driven geyser is approximately 2%-47%; it first increases and then decreases with increasing P*, and it decreases with increasing Va*. The air pocket discharge ratio during a rapid-filling geyser is approximately 0-5%, and it is minimally affected by P* and Va*. During the geyser process, the peak kinetic energy of the air occurs in the air pocket-driven geyser stage, while the peak kinetic energy of the water in the vertical shaft occurs in the rapid-filling geyser stage. The geyser intensity decreases with increasing P* and increases with increasing Va*. An air pocket-driven geyser occurs when the dimensionless maximum kinetic energy of the air per unit mass exceeds 1.5; a rapid-filling geyser occurs when the dimensionless maximum kinetic energy of the water per unit mass exceeds 0.5.}
}