@article{Xu2026, 
author = {Huizhang Xu},
title = {From capacity maximization to flagship train optimization: a novel framework for brand-oriented railway timetabling},
year = {2026},
journal = {Railway Sciences},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {100-116},
keywords = {High-speed railway, Flagship trains, Capacity optimization, Railway timetabling, Brand value, Service quality},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1108/RS-09-2025-0037},
doi = {10.1108/RS-09-2025-0037},
abstract = {PurposeThis study investigates the impact of flagship trains on high-speed railway capacity utilization and develops a brand value-oriented optimization framework that balances service quality enhancement with operational efficiency.Design/methodology/approachA mathematical optimization model based on integer programming is developed, incorporating flagship train constraints into capacity optimization. Case studies compare scenarios with and without flagship train considerations using the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway data across 20 experimental groups.FindingsOperating flagship trains with hourly departure constraints results in an average decrease of 0.9 trains and an 8.4% reduction in capacity utilization rate. When scheduling 2 flagship trains within a 2-h timeframe, capacity utilization decreases from 86.43% to 83.73%, quantifying the trade-off between brand positioning and operational capacity.Originality/valueThis research provides the first quantitative framework for brand value-oriented railway capacity optimization, establishing clear definitions for flagship trains and mathematical foundations for evaluating service quality versus efficiency trade-offs. The findings offer practical decision support for railway operators balancing competitive positioning with capacity maximization.}
}