@article{Zhang2026, 
author = {Chenguang Zhang and Kunfeng Liang and Haoyuan Chen and Lin Wang and Bin Chen and Yong Cao and Haolei Duan and Shuopeng Li and Dengyu Zhu and Yaru He and Dapeng Yang},
title = {Impact of Dual-Objective Control Strategy on Temperature Control in Direct-Cooling System and Energy Flow in Electric Vehicles},
year = {2026},
journal = {Journal of Refrigeration},
volume = {47},
number = {1},
pages = {127-137},
keywords = {electric vehicles, direct-cooling system, control strategies, temperature control characteristics, energy flow},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20241219001},
doi = {10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20241219001},
abstract = {Thermal-management systems for electric vehicles have become a key research focus for enhancing cabin thermal comfort and battery performance. This study proposes a direct-cooling system architecture to address the different temperature-response characteristics of cabins and power batteries. A dual-objective temperature-control strategy is developed based on ambient temperature, vehicle operating status, and real-time load temperature information, enabling the dynamic adjustment of thermal-control priorities between the cabin and battery to ensure optimal system performance. A thermal-management system test bench is constructed in an environmental chamber, and a simulation model of the vehicle thermal-management system is developed. Performance comparisons are conducted between the three control strategies under various driving conditions and ambient temperatures. The results demonstrate that the dual-objective strategy exhibits superior temperature-control capability and energy efficiency across different environmental conditions, along with optimal battery state-of-charge (SOC) recovery performance. Under 35 ℃ high-temperature conditions, the cabin and battery reach target temperatures within 51 s and 547 s, respectively. Under -7 ℃ low-temperature conditions, they reach preset values within 127 s and 365 s, respectively, with significantly improved SOC recovery rates. Although the dual-objective strategy slightly increases energy consumption (approximately 1.2%-3.0% higher than the cabin-priority strategy), it substantially enhances the battery thermal-control efficiency and overall system performance, demonstrating high potential for practical applications.}
}