@article{Xu2025, 
author = {Yi-Jiang Xu and Hong-Rui Jia and Li-Guo Chen and Xin Wang and Zheng-Ran Zeng and Yi-Dong Wang and Qing Gao and Wei Ye and Shi-Kun Zhang and Zhong-Hai Wu},
title = {ISC4DGF: Enhancing Directed Grey-Box Fuzzing with Initial Seed Corpus Generation Driven by Large Language Models},
year = {2025},
journal = {Journal of Computer Science and Technology},
volume = {40},
number = {6},
pages = {1662-1677},
keywords = {fuzz testing, directed grey-box fuzzing, large language model (LLM), initial seed corpus},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1007/s11390-025-4745-0},
doi = {10.1007/s11390-025-4745-0},
abstract = {Fuzz testing is crucial for identifying software vulnerabilities, with coverage-guided grey-box fuzzers like AFL and Angora excelling in broad detection. However, as the need for targeted detection grows, directed grey-box fuzzing (DGF) has become essential, focusing on specific vulnerabilities. The initial seed corpus, which consists of carefully selected input samples that the fuzzer uses as a starting point, is fundamental in determining the paths that the fuzzer explores. A well-designed seed corpus can guide the fuzzer more effectively towards critical areas of the code, improving the efficiency and success of the fuzzing process. Even with its importance, much work concentrates on refining guidance mechanisms while paying less attention to optimizing the initial seed corpus. In this paper, we introduce ISC4DGF, a novel approach to generating optimized initial seed corpus for DGF using large language models (LLMs). By leveraging LLMs’ deep understanding of software and refined user inputs, ISC4DGF creates a precise seed corpus that efficiently triggers specific vulnerabilities through a multi-round validation process. Implemented on AFL and tested against state-of-the-art fuzzers such as Titan, BEACON, AFLGo, FairFuzz, and Entropic using the Magma benchmark, ISC4DGF achieves a 25.03x speedup with fewer target reaches. Moreover, ISC4DGF improves target vulnerabilities detection accuracy while narrowing the detection scope and reducing code coverage.}
}