@article{Cao2026, 
author = {Pei Cao and Nan Li and Yuan-qing Liu and Yong Zhang and Pei-hui Zou and Jin Wu and Yu Cai and Chen-hao Yu and Liang Chen and Qing-xian Luan and Jia Liu},
title = {Poly(L-lactic-co-caprolactone)-nano hydroxyapatite promotes periodontal bone regeneration via mitochondrial metabolism-driven macrophage reprogramming},
year = {2026},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {19},
number = {6},
pages = {94908577},
keywords = {macrophage polarization, metabolic reprogramming, periodontal bone regeneration, poly(L-lactic-co-caprolactone)-nanohydroxyapatite (PLCL-nHA) composite, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2026.94908577},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2026.94908577},
abstract = {Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease causing progressive bone loss, demands biomaterials that simultaneously resolve inflammation and promote regeneration. Poly(L-lactic-co-caprolactone)-nano hydroxyapatite (PLCL-nHA) combines mechanical durability with bioactive potential, yet its precise immunomodulatory actions within inflammatory microenvironments remain unclear. This study demonstrates that PLCL-nHA restores periodontal homeostasis by suppressing inflammatory cascades and steering macrophage functional reprogramming. In a murine periodontitis model, PLCL-nHA implantation reduced alveolar bone resorption, altered the gingival microbiota profile (including reduction of Lactobacillus/Enterococcus), and suppressed osteoclastic activity. In vitro, PLCL-nHA suppressed LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress while promoting M2 macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, PLCL-nHA enhanced mitochondrial energy metabolism, which inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Rat bone defects confirmed accelerated inflammatory resolution and osteogenesis. These findings establish PLCL-nHA as a dual-functional scaffold that coordinates immunometabolic adaptation and tissue repair, providing a paradigm for metabolism-oriented resolution of inflammation in periodontitis and related osteolytic disorders.}
}