@article{JING2026, 
author = {Qiang JING and Yunjiang RAO and Rong TANG and Sidan YU and Qiyun ZHANG and Jiahao WANG and Tianyuan YANG and Lingfeng MENG and Sijin ZHENG and Junhang WANG and Shengtao ZOU and Zhaoyu LI and Zengling RAN and Shujie AN and Fengyu TAN and Yong SUN and Gang YU and Haolin CHEN},
title = {Three-Component Distributed Acoustic/Seismic Sensing},
year = {2026},
journal = {Photonic Sensors},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {9560001},
keywords = {Distributed acoustic sensing, three-component distributed seismic sensing, optical fiber sensor},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/PhoS.2026.9560001},
doi = {10.26599/PhoS.2026.9560001},
abstract = {Fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) has become a revolutionary technology in the field of acoustic/seismic wave detection as it has disruptive advantages over point acoustic/seismic sensors. Especially, DAS has found vital applications in oil/gas exploration and development. However, three-component DAS (3C-DAS) remains an unsolved bottleneck problem as the present DAS is only sensitive to the axial strain, limiting the application range of DAS greatly. Here, we proposed and verified the 3C-DAS concept based on the theory proposed. We processed signals from three independent optical fibers within a specially designed dual-sine-structured sensing cable to realize 3C-DAS. Field trials of the 3C-DAS units were completed outdoor and in the real oilfield, respectively, by using an ultra-sensitive DAS instrument developed. Furthermore, a 100 m-long 3C-DAS cable was designed, fabricated, and tested. The experimental results indicate that 3C-DAS has the statistically comparable signal-to-noise ratio and better imaging resolution due to higher spatial density when compared to electronic 3C geophones. This work pioneers the study of 3C-DAS and paves a way to develop a new generation of vector DAS systems, including 3C-DAS-based geophones, hydrophones, and sonars for imaging geophysical structures with higher fineness, detecting undersea targets with better resolution, and positioning aerial vehicles with higher accuracy.}
}