@article{Xiao2026, 
author = {Dewei Xiao and Zhemin Li and Lanxin Yan and Jiayin Shi and Jianwei Xiong and Zhenming Xu and Xiaoli Dong and Xiaogang Zhang},
title = {Separated Solvated Ion Pair-Assisted Aqueous Electrolyte for Supercapacitor at Ultralow Temperature},
year = {2026},
journal = {Energy Material Advances},
volume = {7},
pages = {0189},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.34133/energymatadv.0189},
doi = {10.34133/energymatadv.0189},
abstract = {Aqueous electrolytes have the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness, and fast ion transport kinetics, which show great low-temperature potential. However, the high freezing point limit practical applications. In electrolytes, the design of ion pairs can effectively improve the charge transport properties, while its effect on low-temperature performance is neglected. Here, we acquired the lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiOTf)-based aqueous electrolytes with different ion pair structures. Using advanced characterization and simulation, it was revealed that the 10 m LiOTf electrolyte-enriched separated solvated ion pairs (SSIPs) show excellent ultralow-temperature stability. The changes in energy storage behavior under different temperature were discussed, which revealed that SSIPs contribute to efficient adsorption at low temperatures. The supercapacitor with 10 m LiOTf reached high energy density of 34.67 Wh/kg at −40 ℃ and maintained long cycle stability at −70 ℃. Our work suggests a strategy for the rational design of electrolytes that could enable next-generation ultralow-temperature electrochemical storage systems.}
}