@article{CHEN2026, 
author = {Shimiao CHEN and Shuyan NI and Shaoshan WANG and Haining WANG and Jinfei LYU},
title = {Spoofing detection method based on single rotating antenna},
year = {2026},
journal = {Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics},
volume = {52},
number = {1},
pages = {244-251},
keywords = {spoofing detection, carrier phase, direction of arrival, intersection angle, rotating antenna},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0764},
doi = {10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0764},
abstract = {Spoofing is a serious security risk to the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) because of its strong concealment and high harm features. Multi-directional spoofing detection is not possible with existing spoofing detection techniques that rely on moving single antennas. To achieve this, we provide a spoofing detection technique for a single spinning antenna that is based on the intersection angle between two directions of arrival. The essence of this method is to estimate the intersection angle between two directions of arrival based on the carrier phase difference of the received signal. The projected value and the estimated value of the intersection angle between two directions of arrival should match in the absence of spoofing. Spoofing is difficult to accurately simulate the directionality of navigation signals, which can disrupt the consistency between the estimated and predicted values of the intersection angle between two arrival directions. Therefore, a detection variable is established based on the estimated and predicted values of the intersection angle between two directions of arrival, and the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) can detect multi-directional spoofing. We used on-site experiments to confirm and assess the simulation to examine how single rotating antenna settings affect detection performance. The results indicate that the method proposed in this article can efficiently detect multi-directional spoofing.}
}