@article{WANG2025, 
author = {Zhigang WANG and Xiasheng SUN and Yu YANG and Jin ZHOU and Chunpeng LI and Daochun LI and Jinwu XIANG},
title = {Design and testing of a full-scale variable-camber leading edge based on a composite compliant skin and an open-kinematic-chain mechanism},
year = {2025},
journal = {Chinese Journal of Aeronautics},
volume = {38},
number = {12},
keywords = {Compliant skin, Intelligent structures, Morphing leading edge, Optimization, Smart droop nose},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1016/j.cja.2025.103714},
doi = {10.1016/j.cja.2025.103714},
abstract = {Climate change has prompted the aviation industry to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Variable-camber leading edges, with their adaptable aerodynamic shapes, hold significant potential for laminar flow wings and contribute to greener aviation. In response to this need, this paper proposes a design optimization method for a variable-camber leading edge featuring an outer variable-thickness composite compliant skin and an inner open-kinematic-chain mechanism. The optimization methodology employs a fiber continuity model based on a ply-drop sequence, a guiding sequence and a thickness sequence to describe the variable-thickness composite compliant skin structure, enabling direct generation of a composite layup sequence that meets fiber continuity criteria. Additionally, the design methodology for the inner open kinematic chain considers the rigid-flexible coupling effect and analyzes the number of driving ribs along the span-wise direction. Finally, a full-scale physical prototype for a large-scale civil aircraft is developed and experimented in the FL-10 wind tunnel, demonstrating that the variable-camber leading edge can smoothly and precisely achieve its target shape and hold its final profile under the corresponding aerodynamic loads, thereby validating the proposed design methodology.}
}