@article{Peng2026, 
author = {Zhuo Peng and Han Wang and Jiazhi Meng and Xin Hong and Kefei Shi and Wenqiang Ding and Jianghao Yin and Na Liu and Chengcheng Wu and Guodan Wei and Feiyu Kang},
title = {Dual-functional hydrazide–indole additive for boosting efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells},
year = {2026},
journal = {Energy Materials and Devices},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {9370088},
keywords = {perovskite solar cell, additive engineering, defect passivation, power conversion efficiency, stability enhancement},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/EMD.2026.9370088},
doi = {10.26599/EMD.2026.9370088},
abstract = {Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention as next-generation photovoltaic technologies owing to their solution processability, low weight, and mechanical flexibility. Despite rapid progress, defect-induced nonradiative recombination remains a major obstacle, hindering further improvements in the device efficiency and operational stability. In this study, we introduce 1H-indole-3-carbohydrazide (1H-CBH) as a multifunctional molecular additive that effectively mitigates these issues through synergistic defect passivation. Specifically, 1H-CBH simultaneously coordinates with uncoordinated Pb2+ ions and forms hydrogen bonds with uncoordinated I− ions and formamidinium cations. This dual interaction strategy promotes the growth of larger grains, reduces the density of grain boundary defects, and enhances the interfacial compatibility with the electron-transport layer, thereby enabling improved charge transport. Consequently, the incorporation of 1H-CBH into mixed-cation PSCs yields a remarkable enhancement in the power conversion efficiency from 21.18% to 23.59%. Moreover, the 1H-CBH-modified devices demonstrated exceptional environmental stability, retaining their initial morphology after 8 months under ambient conditions (25°C, 50%‒80% relative humidity), whereas their unpassivated counterparts underwent complete degradation. Under inert N2 atmosphere, PSCs incorporating 1H-CBH maintained >80% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 600 h continuous storage. These results highlight the critical role of multifunctional additive engineering in achieving highly efficient and durable perovskite solar cells, paving the way toward scalable and reliable photovoltaic technologies.}
}