@article{Li2025, 
author = {Zhichao Li and Zhiguo Qu and Zhiyuan Jiang and Hongbo Huang and Wenquan Tao},
title = {Degradation mechanism of lithium-ion battery under appropriate in-plane temperature gradient},
year = {2025},
journal = {Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation},
volume = {4},
number = {6},
keywords = {Lithium-ion battery, Temperature gradient, Battery degradation, Lithium plating},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1016/j.geits.2025.100352},
doi = {10.1016/j.geits.2025.100352},
abstract = {Temperature significantly affects battery performance. However, the mechanism of in-plane temperature gradient caused by high current on battery degradation is still unclear. In this study, the in-plane temperature gradient is artificially constructed between battery tabs and bottom region. Then, the fast-charging cycling test is performed. Post-mortem analysis after battery cycling is carried out to obtain the anode surface morphology and elemental distribution. A three-dimensional electrochemical model is developed to obtain the internal parameter distributions during fast charging. The results indicate that the battery degradation process can be divided into three stages: in-plane current density gradient stage, in-plane temperature gradient stage, and emergence of degradation factors stage. A spatial matching criterion between in-plane temperature gradient and in-plane current density gradient is proposed to suppress battery degradation, where optimal performance is achieved when high current density region coincide with high temperature region. Specifically, the in-plane temperature gradient with high temperature at the high current density tabs and low temperature at the low current density bottom region enhances battery fast charging performance, maintaining over 90% capacity after 50 cycles at 2C charging rate. However, an in-plane temperature gradient in the opposite direction can lead to lithium plating and material cracking, with a 34.3% capacity loss after just 5 cycles. Additionally, the low-temperature discharge tests demonstrate that achieving the spatial matching criterion can enhance battery discharge performance. Specifically, the discharge capacity increases by 8% at −20 ​℃. This study provides a novel temperature-regulation-based approach for reducing battery polarization.}
}