TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tao, Lin
AU  - Pan, Wenyi
AU  - Li, Jing
AU  - Chen, Xiaole
AU  - Li, Yalin
AU  - Li, Xuewen
AU  - Liu, Jiayou
AU  - Shabala, Sergey
AU  - Sun, Xuecheng
AU  - Li, Fangbai
AU  - Yu, Min
PY  - 2025
TI  - Foliar nano-molybdenum application mitigates cadmium-induced apoplastic H2O2 burst in rice roots by optimizing the antioxidant system
JO  - The Crop Journal
SN  - 2095-5421
SP  - 1827
EP  - 1841
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
AB  - Cadmium (Cd2+) exhibits pronounced phytotoxicity and poses significant risks to human health through bioaccumulation in agricultural products. This study investigates the mitigative effects of foliar-applied nano-molybdenum particles (MoNPs) on Cd accumulation and growth rates in rice (Oryza sativa). Our findings demonstrate that MoNPs application effectively alleviates Cd-induced root growth suppression and reduces Cd deposition in root cell walls, through MoNPs-mediated attenuation of Cd-induced elevation of pectin content. Through cross-sectional analysis combined with ROS-specific fluorescent probes revealed a spatial pattern of Cd-induced H2O2 accumulation, with strongest signals observed in the apoplastic regions of root elongation and maturation zones, with minimal accumulation in meristematic regions. This oxidative burst was significantly mitigated by MoNPs treatment, which enhanced plasma membrane (PM)-localized respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) activity via transcriptional upregulation of OsRBOH genes. Furthermore, foliar MoNPs application activated the ascorbate–glutathione (ASA-GSH) cycle through selective upregulation of OsAPXs and OsGRs, enhancing cellular capacity for H2O2 detoxification. These coordinated mechanisms collectively suggest that MoNPs treatment offers dual protection against Cd toxicity by 1) reducing Cd bioavailability in plant tissues and 2) counteracting Cd-induced oxidative damage, thereby effectively ameliorating root growth inhibition under Cd stress.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2025.09.016
DO  - 10.1016/j.cj.2025.09.016