@article{Liu2025, 
author = {Sen Liu and Minyu Jia and Fulu Chu and Hao Jiang and Jiale Jia and Jinfeng Sun and Yang Liu and Linrui Hou and Changzhou Yuan},
title = {Commercializable Fluorine-Doped Porous Carbon Toward Advanced 4.5 V-Class Lithium-Ion Capacitors},
year = {2025},
journal = {Energy & Environmental Materials},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
keywords = {fluorine-doping porous carbon, high operating potentials, improved capacitance, lithium-ion capacitors, positive electrodes},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.1002/eem2.70002},
doi = {10.1002/eem2.70002},
abstract = {Low specific capacitances and/or limited working potential (≤4.5 V). of the prevalent carbon-based positive electrodes as the inborn bottleneck seriously hinder practical advancement of lithium-ion capacitors. Thus, breakthroughs in enhancement of both specific capacitances and upper cutoff potentials are enormously significant for high-energy density lithium-ion capacitors. Herein, we first meticulously design and scalably fabricate a commercializable fluorine-doped porous carbon material with competitive tap density, large active surface, appropriate aperture distribution, and promoted affinity with the electrolyte, rendering its abundant electroactive inter-/surface and rapid PF6- transport. Theoretical calculations authenticate that fluorine-doped porous carbon possesses lower PF6- adsorption energy and stronger interaction with PF6-. Thanks to the remarkable structural/compositional superiority, when served as a positive electrode toward lithium-ion capacitors, the commercial-level fluorine-doped porous carbon showcases the record-breaking electrochemical properties within a wider working window of 2.5–5.0 V (vs Li/Li+) in terms of high-rate specific capacitances and long-duration stability, much superior to commercial activated carbon. More significantly, the 4.5 V-class graphite//fluorine-doped porous carbon lithium-ion capacitors are first constructed and manifest competitive electrochemical behaviors with long-cycle life, modest polarization, and large energy density. Our work provides a commendable positive paradigm and contributes a major step forward in next-generation lithium-ion capacitors and even other high-energy density metal-ion capacitors.}
}