TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fedorchuk, Alina
AU  - Dzhuman, Bohdan
AU  - Forostyna, Mykhailo
PY  - 2025
TI  - Methodology for optimizing heights in the Amsterdam system based on regional and global geoid/quasi-geoid models
JO  - Geodesy and Geodynamics
SN  - 1674-9847
SP  - 746
EP  - 755
VL  - 16
IS  - 6
AB  - The article presents a methodology for transitioning to the Amsterdam height system based on utilizing global and regional geoid/quasi-geoid models. The study was conducted for the Polish-Ukrainian cross-border sector and expanded to the entire territory of Poland and Ukraine. The input data comprised two regional and five global geoid/quasi-geoid models. The initial data analysis was conducted for all models relative to GNSS/leveling data in the Baltic height system. The secondary analysis was performed relative to the combined PL-quasi-geoid2021 model and the gravimetric EGG2015 model. Based on the analysis results, a methodology for optimizing heights between regional and global geoid/quasi-geoid models was developed, including the following stages: calculation of conditional global and regional geoid/quasi-geoid heights, calculation of approximately predicted height differences between the conditional regional and global geoid/quasi-geoid, implementation of the refinement (correction) of approximate heights at the regional model, optimization of approximate heights at the regional model, and calculation of a regional combined model in the Amsterdam height system. The developed methodology enables the integration of regional and global geoid/quasi-geoid models into the Amsterdam height system with an accuracy of 1–2 cm by optimizing their heights. The advantage of this methodology is that it requires only a minimal amount of GNSS/leveling data to establish connections between different height systems.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2025.04.010
DO  - 10.1016/j.geog.2025.04.010