@article{Xia2025, 
author = {Jiayue Xia and Yanyan Tian and Zhi He and Guofang Shu and Junhui Yu and Zhiyuan Feng and Jiongnan Wang and Shiyu Yin and Yuanyuan Wang and Tianyu Wu and Guiju Sun},
title = {Effects of a High-Phytosterol Diet on blood lipids, glucose and estimated 10-year cardiovascular disease risk among Chinese adults with dyslipidemia: a randomized controlled trial},
year = {2025},
journal = {Food Science and Human Wellness},
keywords = {fasting blood glucose, Dyslipidemia, blood lipids, Cardiovascular risk factors, Phytosterols, Dietary},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/FSHW.2025.9250854},
doi = {10.26599/FSHW.2025.9250854},
abstract = {Background: Phytosterols are known for their cholesterol-lowering properties, yet the comparative effects of high-phytosterol diet (HPS diet) and low-phytosterol diet (LPS diet) on blood lipids, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and estimated 10-year cardiovascular disease risk (estimated 10-y CVD risk) in Chinese adults with dyslipidemia remain largely unknown.Objective: This trial was to investigate the effects of HPS diet on blood lipids, FBG and estimated 10-y CVD risk in Chinese adults with dyslipidemia compared with LPS diet. Methods: A three-month, outcome assessor-blinded, randomized controlled feeding trial was conducted in Chinese adults with dyslipidemia. 104 participants were randomly assigned to either the HPS diet group (n = 52, use HPS cooking oil) or the LPS diet group (n = 52, use LPS cooking oil) after a 2-week run-in period. The primary outcomes were serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NON-LDL-C). Secondary outcomes included FBG and estimated 10-y CVD risk. Results: All participants were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. After three months of intervention, serum TC (adjusted mean difference = -0.44 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.67 to -0.20), TG (adjusted mean difference = -1.01 mmol/L; 95% CI: -1.67 to -0.35), LDL-C (adjusted mean difference = -0.25 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.50 to -0.01) , Non-HDL-C (adjusted mean difference = -0.46 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.73 to -0.19) and FBG (adjusted mean difference = -0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.28 to -0.002) were significantly lower in the HPS diet group compared to the LPS diet group (P < 0.05). Additionally, compared to the LPS diet group, the estimated 10-y CVD risk attributed to TC, BMI and all factors in the HPS diet group after intervention decreased by 0.10%, 0.13% and 0.97%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that the main results from the per-protocol population were consistent with the ITT population. Conclusions: The HPS Chinese diet significantly lowers blood lipids, FBG and the estimated 10-y CVD risk in Chinese adults with mild dyslipidemia. These findings highlight potential cardiovascular health benefits associated with increased phytosterol intake in daily diets. Further long-term studies are warranted. Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT06060509}
}