@article{YIN2025, 
author = {Yucong YIN and Boyang LIU},
title = {POLARONS IN SPINOR BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATES},
year = {2025},
journal = {Physics and Engineering},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {310-318},
keywords = {spinor impurity, spinor Bose-Einstein condensate, self-trapping state, second-order perturbation theory},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/PHYS.2025.9320445},
doi = {10.26599/PHYS.2025.9320445},
abstract = {This study investigates the polaron states formed by an impurity immersed in a spin-1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. Employing the Fröhlich Hamiltonian framework, we systematically calculated the ground-state energy and effective mass of polarons in both weak-coupling and strong-coupling regimes. For the weakly interacting regime, the analysis was conducted using second-order perturbation theory. In the strong-coupling regime, we constructed an analytical approximation for the polaron states and performed variational calculations to determine their energy and effective mass. Furthermore, we discussed the transition from the mobile state to the self-trapped state of the polaron in the strong-coupling region. We also estimate the signatures of polaron effects in spinor BEC for the future experiments.}
}