TY  - JOUR
AU  - Masoomian, Babak
AU  - Akbari, Mohammad Reza
AU  - Mirmohammadsadeghi, Arash
AU  - Fadhl, Sajida Madeeh
AU  - Majdi, Ali
AU  - Daneshvar, Kimia
AU  - Khorrami-Nejad, Masoud
PY  - 2025
TI  - Refractive error and angle of deviation in basic esotropia versus exotropia: a comparative study
JO  - International Journal of Ophthalmology
SN  - 2222-3959
SP  - 2339
EP  - 2344
VL  - 18
IS  - 12
AB  - AIMTo compare refractive error and angle of deviation in patients with basic esotropia and basic exotropia.METHODSA retrospective review was conducted on the medical records of patients with basic-type strabismus. Demographic data, refractive error, best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA), and the horizontal and vertical angle of deviation between basic esotropia and exotropia patients were compared.RESULTSAmong the 7129 patients (mean age 22.98±14.81y) evaluated, 44.7% (3185 cases, 54.9% male) exhibited basic-type esotropia, while 55.3% (3944 cases, 53.9% male) presented with basic-type exotropia. Basic esotropia cases exhibited more hyperopic spherical equivalent measurements in both eyes (right: 0.53±3.07 vs left: 0.56±2.98 D) than those with basic exotropia (right eye: -0.33±2.84 vs left eye: -0.24±2.68 D, P<0.001 for both eyes). Patients with basic esotropia had significantly greater horizontal deviation angles (near: 36.08±18.87 PD and far: 35.56±18.75 PD) compared to those with basic exotropia (near: 33.75±16.11 PD and far: 33.26±15.90 PD, P<0.001). Conversely, patients with basic exotropia had slightly higher vertical deviation angles (near: 1.67±5.80 PD and far: 1.72±5.89 PD) compared to those with basic esotropia (near: 1.12±4.57 PD and far: 1.12±4.58 PD, P<0.001). Patients with basic esotropia underwent surgical intervention at younger ages compared to basic exotropia individuals (19.68±15.99 vs 25.66±13.20, P<0.001).CONCLUSIONBasic esotropia patients present more hyperopic refractive errors, better visual acuity, larger horizontal yet smaller vertical ocular misalignments, and tend to undergo strabismus surgery at younger ages relative to basic exotropia cases.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2025.12.16
DO  - 10.18240/ijo.2025.12.16