@article{Liu2026, 
author = {Yunhao Liu and Xu Wang and Yunhuai Liu and Kebin Liu and Shuai Tong and Jinliang Yuan and Li Liu},
title = {EIoT: Embodied Intelligence of Things},
year = {2026},
journal = {Tsinghua Science and Technology},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {1-15},
keywords = {embodied intelligence of things, compositional intelligence, multi-agent coordination, edge intelligence, physical–digital interaction},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/TST.2025.9010127},
doi = {10.26599/TST.2025.9010127},
abstract = {The integration of embodied intelligence into physical environments marks a new frontier in the evolution of intelligent systems. While the Internet of Things (IoT) connects devices and Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) embeds intelligence into them, we argue that a further conceptual leap is required—one that enables the composition of intelligence itself through real-world embodiment, interaction, and evolution. We introduce the paradigm of Embodied Intelligence of Things (EIoT) as a foundational framework for distributed, physically grounded intelligent systems. EIoT systems are structured across three essential dimensions: Enacted, where devices are transformed into embodied agents; Engaged, where agents interact opportunistically based on physical and contextual constraints; and Evolutionary, where intelligence adapts and self-organizes through continuous experience. We further outline a developmental trajectory for EIoT based on the openness of perception and decision spaces, providing a conceptual map from tightly constrained agents to fully autonomous and adaptive systems. This work aims to establish EIoT as a core architectural and theoretical direction for future embodied intelligent systems.}
}