TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Mingjie
AU  - Wang, Lingwei
AU  - Meng, DongHua
AU  - Feng, Di
AU  - Fu, Dianxun
AU  - Liu, Dingbin
AU  - Ye, Zhaoxiang
AU  - Zhang, Cai
PY  - 2025
TI  - Renal clearable ZDS@MnFe2O4 nanoprobes for cardiovascular disease imaging
JO  - Nano Research
SN  - 1998-0124
SP  - 94907737
VL  - 18
IS  - 10
AB  - Cardiovascular diseases with severe vascular stenosis or occlusion can lead to tissue hypoxia, multi-organ dysfunction, and high mortality, emphasizing the need for accurate and safe vascular imaging. While digital subtraction angiography and computed tomography angiography are widely used, they involve ionizing radiation and iodinated contrast agents, posing risks of nephrotoxicity and allergic reactions. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) offers a non-ionizing alternative, but gadolinium-based agents are limited by rapid clearance, risks of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, and CNS accumulation. Metal-doped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) represent promising T1 probes; however, conventional surface coatings often increase hydrodynamic size, limiting renal clearance. Here, we develop ultrasmall MnFe2O4 nanoparticles functionalized with zwitterionic dopamine sulfonate (ZDS), exhibiting excellent water solubility, high longitudinal relaxivity (R1 = 5.47 mM−1·s−1), and a compact hydrodynamic diameter (~ 6 nm) suitable for renal elimination. Under clinical 3.0 T MRI, ZDS@MnFe2O4 enables high-resolution imaging of cervical and abdominal vasculature, resolving vessels as small as 0.38 mm up to 1-h post-injection. The outstanding imaging capability allows real-time monitoring of carotid recanalization and detection of acute superior mesenteric veins and deep vein thromboses. This platform offers a promising approach for advanced vascular diagnostics by striking an optimal balance among imaging performance, biosafety, and clinical practicality.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.26599/NR.2025.94907737
DO  - 10.26599/NR.2025.94907737