@article{CAI2022, 
author = {Lang CAI and Jing XIE and Xuedong ZHOU},
title = {Research progress on the role of transforming growth factor-β in tooth and craniofacial bone development and diseases},
year = {2022},
journal = {Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases},
volume = {30},
number = {12},
pages = {884-889},
keywords = {TGF-β, Smad signaling, tooth development, enamel, dentin, jaw, temporomandibular joint, bone development, cleft palate},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2022.12.008},
doi = {10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.2022.12.008},
abstract = {Dental and craniofacial bone development is a highly coordinated process that is tightly controlled by genetics and influenced by complex environments. The abnormal regulation of many development-related signaling molecules may lead to abnormal tooth development, severe craniofacial bone formation disorders, and developmental deformities. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is widely expressed in vivo and participates in many cellular biological processes, showing complex regulatory roles in mammalian craniofacial bone growth and tooth development. In tooth development, abnormal TGF-β signaling can lead to the failure of tooth germ formation, and its deletion mutation can directly affect odontoblast differentiation and enamel formation defects. However, the current research on TGF-β mainly focuses on the early stage of tooth development, and a comprehensive and systematic study of TGF-β-related tooth development is lacking. TGF-β signal transduction mainly controls the development of teeth and craniofacial bone by regulating the expression of development-related molecules via the classical Smad-dependent signaling pathway. In addition, the nonclassical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway also participates in this process. Abnormal TGF-β signaling may cause jaw development disorders, temporomandibular joint dysplasia and inflammation, and cleft palate. Because the specific regulatory mechanism of TGF-β in craniofacial bone development has not been fully elucidated, its specific application in the treatment of related diseases is also greatly limited. This paper describes the new research progress of TGF-β in the development of teeth, jaws, temporomandibular joints and palate as well as related diseases.}
}