@article{HAO2023, 
author = {Yu HAO and Yiying MA and Litao YU and Guangzhi LI and Zhichun WEI and Shuping LIU and Changbo SHI},
title = {Determination and Health Risk Assessment of 3-Chloropropanol and Glycidyl Esters in Infant Formula Milk Powder by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry},
year = {2023},
journal = {Food Science},
volume = {44},
number = {8},
pages = {337-344},
keywords = {3-chloropropanol esters, glycidyl esters, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, infant formula milk powder},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20220419-240},
doi = {10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20220419-240},
abstract = {A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method for the detection of 3-chloropropanol and glycidyl esters in infant formula milk powder was established, and the content of 3-chloropropanol and glycidyl esters in different commercial infant formula milk powders was determined. Ester contamination and health risk assessment in infant formula milk powder was carried out. 3-Chloropropanol and glycidyl esters in samples were extracted with n-hexane, hydrolyzed, derivatized with phenylboronic acid, detected by GC-MS/MS, and quantified by an internal standard method. The results showed that the total amount of 3-chloropropanol and glycidyl esters was in the range of 0.0400–4.00 μg/mL, and good linearity was observed for 3-chloropropanol esters in the concentration range of 0.0200–2.00 μg/mL with correlation coefficient (R2) greater than 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) was 10.0 μg/kg, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 25.0 μg/kg for both esters. At spiked levels of 25.0, 100 and 300 μg/kg, the average recoveries ranged from 95.0% to 98.1%. The developed method had high accuracy and recovery, and could be used for the detection of 3-chloropropanol and glycidyl esters in infant formula milk powder. In 150 commercial infant formula milk powder samples, the detection rate of 3-chloropropanol esters was 12.7% at levels of ND–52.4 μg/kg with an average of 29.8 μg/kg. The detection rate of glycidyl esters was 6.67% at levels of ND–40.1 μg/kg with an average of 31.9 μg/kg. The average exposure level to 3-chloropropanol esters was 0.33–0.66 μg/(kg·d). Therefore, attention should be paid to the problem of contamination of 3-chloropropanol and glycidyl esters in infant formula milk powder.}
}