@article{Qin2025, 
author = {Lina Qin and Mengfei Zhu and Yuren Xia and Daocheng Hong and Yuxi Tian and Huapeng Sun and Zuoxiu Tie and Yan Xiong and Zhong Jin},
title = {Pseudohalide engineering for crystallization kinetics and defect passivation in two-step fabricated Cs0.1FA0.9Pb0.9Sn0.1I3 perovskite solar cells with exceptional efficiency and stability},
year = {2025},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {18},
number = {11},
pages = {94907845},
keywords = {perovskite solar cells, thermal stability, pseudo-halide thiocyanate (SCN−) modulation, tin doping, crystallization control},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2025.94907845},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2025.94907845},
abstract = {Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a leading photovoltaic technology due to their exceptional power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low-cost fabrication process. However, the intrinsic thermal instability of organic cations, such as methylammonium (MA+) and formamidinium (FA+), necessitates their partial or complete substitution with inorganic cesium (Cs+) ions to enhance thermal robustness. While all-inorganic CsPbI3 exhibits superior thermal stability, its susceptibility to moisture and phase instability limits its practical applicability. Moreover, the toxicity of lead (Pb) has driven interest in tin (Sn) as a more sustainable alternative. In this study, we investigate the incorporation of pseudo-halide thiocyanate anions (SCN−) as a crystallization modulator for two-step spin-coating preparation of Cs0.1FA0.9Pb0.9Sn0.1I3 film, which promotes the formation of lead iodide coordination intermediates and lowering the energy barrier for perovskite crystal growth. By integrating Cs+ and Sn2+ into FAPbI3 perovskites with SCN− additives, the compositions, crystallinity, and grain interfaces of Cs0.1FA0.9Pb0.9Sn0.1I3 film are well tuned, yielding a PCE of 21.34%. The resulting PSCs demonstrated superior long-term stability and enhanced thermal resistance, highlighting the immense potential of SCN− mediated crystallization and tailored compositional engineering as effective strategies for the development of high-performance and thermally endurable PSCs.}
}