@article{Chen2025, 
author = {Yingyu Chen and Jiangbei Wan and Chenyang Zhang and Xueqing Tang and Lu Chen and Zengxian Tang and De Li and Yong Chen and Changhong Wang and Shan Cong and Zhigang Zhao and Zhen Wang},
title = {Enhanced high-energy-density WO3-based electrochromic batteries via acid-modified graphite foil cathode},
year = {2025},
journal = {Nano Research},
volume = {18},
number = {12},
pages = {94907799},
keywords = {electrochromic batteries, high energy density, graphite foil, WO3},
url = {https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.26599/NR.2025.94907799},
doi = {10.26599/NR.2025.94907799},
abstract = {In conventional tungsten oxide-based electrochromic batteries (ECBs), tungsten oxide acts as the cathode and Zn foil as the anode, but low redox potential leads to a limited discharge plateau, low areal capacitance, and power density, restricting practical applications. In this study, a novel WO3||acid-modified graphite foil (WO3||AGF) ECB was developed using AGF as the cathode, WO3 as the anode, and a hybrid Zn2+/Al3+ electrolyte. The AGF offers advantages, such as high ion storage capacity, fast kinetics, and a high electrode potential, ensuring a high discharge voltage and capacity for the WO3||AGF ECB. The prepared WO3||AGF ECB not only exhibits excellent electrochromic performance but also demonstrates superior energy storage capabilities. At a charge/discharge current density of 0.5 mA·cm−2, the WO3||AGF ECB achieves a stable discharge capacity of 315.6 mAh·m−2, which is 7.8 times higher than that of the traditional Zn||WO3 ECB. Moreover, the rapid ion diffusion kinetics of the AGF ensure the cycling stability of the device at high voltages, maintaining 94.4% optical modulation after 8000 coloring/bleaching cycles. This work provides a novel approach by designing more compatible electrode material systems to achieve ECBs with high energy and power densities.}
}